Monstera deliciosa

Description

Monstera deliciosa, commonly called split-leaf philodendron or swiss cheese plant, is native to Central America. It is a climbing, evergreen perennial vine that is perhaps most noted for its large perforated leaves on thick plant stems and its long cord-like aerial roots. In its native tropical habitat, it will climb somewhat impressively to 70’ into large trees, clothing the trunks with leaves in the 1-3’ long range. Indoor plants more typically are grown in the 6-8’ range. Mature leaves of this plant are very large, glossy, deep green and distinctively cut and perforated. Juvenile leaves are small and mostly uncut. Mature plants may produce arum-like flowers with a spadix to 10” surrounded by a white spathe. Flowers give way to an edible fruit that is reminiscent in taste to pineapple-banana. Indoor plants rarely flower and fruit however. Aerial roots on the lower parts of this plant can be rooted into the soil to help nourish the plant. Aerial roots on the upper parts of the plant can be attached to a moss-like climbing pole or simply removed.

Genus name possibly contracted from monstrifer meaning monster-bearing in reference to the perforated leaves.

Specific epithet means delicious for the delicious, edible fruit.

Common name is in reference to the perforated foliage. Although not a philodendron, this plant is commonly called split-leaf philodendron.

Planting and care

• Thrives in bright to medium indirect light. Not suited for intense, direct sun but can be acclimated to withstand it.
• Water every 1-2 weeks, allowing soil to dry out between waterings. Expect to water more often in brighter light and less often in lower light.
• Normal room humidity will do, but prefers humid conditions if possible. Consider incorporating a fine-mist mister or humidifier to boost humidity level indoors.
• Most houseplants prefer temps in the 65°F-85°F range (18°C-30°C). It’s best not to let it go below 60°F (15°C).
• Use a well-draining potting mix. Mix in ingredients such as perlite or lava rocks to increase soil aeration as need.

Common Problems

The Monstera is an easy-going plant and is generally pest-free. Treat pests as soon as they appear with weekly sprays of a natural pesticide like neem oil and regular wipe-downs of the plant.  

SYMPTOM: Leaves turning brown and crispy at the edges
CAUSE: Thirsty plant, underwatered or high salt build up

SYMPTOM: Wilting plant, dry potting mix 
CAUSE: Underwatered or pot-bound

SYMPTOM: Yellowing leaves or black stems, wet potting mix
CAUSE: Overwatered

Precautions

Monsteras can be irritating to cats, dogs, and humans if foliage consumed. Best practice is always to keep houseplants out of reach of small children and pets.